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Peter Albert David Singer, AC (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher. He is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, and a Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. He specializes in applied ethics and approaches ethical issues from a secular, utilitarian perspective. He is known in particular for his book, ''Animal Liberation'' (1975), a canonical text in animal rights/liberation theory. For most of his career, he supported preference utilitarianism, but in his later years became a classical or hedonistic utilitarian, when co-authoring ''The Point of View of the Universe'' with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek. On two occasions, Singer served as chair of the philosophy department at Monash University, where he founded its Centre for Human Bioethics. In 1996 he stood unsuccessfully as a Greens candidate for the Australian Senate. In 2004 he was recognised as the Australian Humanist of the Year by the Council of Australian Humanist Societies, and in June 2012 was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his services to philosophy and bioethics.〔 He serves on the Advisory Board of Incentives for Global Health, the NGO formed to develop the Health Impact Fund proposal. He was voted one of Australia's ten most influential public intellectuals in 2006. Singer serves on the advisory board of Academics Stand Against Poverty (ASAP). ==Life and career== Singer's parents were Austrian Jews who emigrated to Australia from Vienna in 1938, after Austria's annexation by Nazi Germany. They settled in Melbourne, where Singer was born. His grandparents were less fortunate: his paternal grandparents were taken by the Nazis to Łódź, and were never heard from again; his maternal grandfather died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp.〔Douglas Aiton: Ten Things You Didn't Know about Professor Peter Singer; The Weekend Australian magazine, 27 February 2005〕 He has a sister, Joan (now Joan Dwyer). Singer's grandfather, David Oppenheim, published numerous papers with Sigmund Freud before a falling out between the two in Venice. Singer's father imported tea and coffee, while his mother practiced medicine. He attended Preshil〔Suzannah Pearce, ed (17 November 2006). "RICHARDSON (Sue) Susan". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd.〕 and later Scotch College. After leaving school, Singer studied law, history, and philosophy at the University of Melbourne, gaining his BA degree (hons) in 1967. He received an MA for a thesis entitled ''Why should I be moral?'' in 1969. He was awarded a scholarship to study at the University of Oxford, and obtained from there a B.Phil in 1971, with a thesis on civil disobedience supervised by R. M. Hare and subsequently published as a book in 1973.〔''Democracy and Disobedience'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973, ISBN 0-19-824504-1.〕 Singer names Hare and Australian philosopher H. J. McCloskey as his two most important mentors.〔Appel, Jacob M. Interview with Peter Singer, Philosopher and Educator, ''Education Update'', July 2004. (educationupdate.com )〕 After spending two years as a Radcliffe lecturer at University College, Oxford, he was a visiting professor at New York University for 16 months. He returned to Melbourne in 1977, where he spent most of his career, aside from appointments as visiting faculty abroad, until his move to Princeton in 1999.〔(Peter Singer's university website ) (Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics ) (Peter Singer ). Resources on Singer, including book excerpts, articles, interviews, reviews, and writings about him. (Peter Singer biography ) Peter Singer debates his views (on a BBC/RSA panel in London, 5 September 2006 ) (Peter Singer's monthly Project Syndicate commentary series "The Ethics of Life" ) (Singer's article in Greater Good Magazine about the ethics of eating locally grown good ) (The Singer Solution to World Poverty ) (Peter Singer on animal rights ) (PDF)〕 In June 2011 it was announced he would join the professoriate of New College of the Humanities, a private college in London, in addition to his work at Princeton.〔("The professoriate" ), New College of the Humanities, accessed 8 June 2011.〕 According to philosopher Helga Kuhse, Singer is "almost certainly the best-known and most widely read of all contemporary philosophers". Michael Specter wrote that Singer is among the most influential of contemporary philosophers.〔Michael Specter, "(The Dangerous Philosopher )", ''The New Yorker'', 6 September 1999〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter Singer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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